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PCSK9 was a validated yet difficult protein–protein interaction target. mRNA display found two cyclic-peptide hit series in a vast chemical space, but a binder was only the beginning of the drug-discovery journey.
Cosmetic peptides can be classified by mechanism of action into categories such as signal peptides, neurotransmitter-modulating peptides, carrier peptides, enzyme-inhibiting peptides, and repair peptides. This article introduces the functional characteristics of different types of cosmetic peptides and uses conopeptides and copper peptides as representative case studies to illustrate their applications in high-end skin care products.
Using seven approved peptide drugs as examples, this article explains how Aib, D-amino acids, N-methylation, fatty diacids, and other specialized residues work together to improve stability, conformation, target recognition, and pharmacokinetics.
Cyclic peptides significantly improve peptide stability, binding capacity, and pharmacokinetic properties through conformational constraints, and provide new directions for the development of oral peptide drugs and difficult-to-drug targets.